1. Title: Adolescent infuence in Family Purchase Decisions: An Update and Cross - National Extension
Summary
Our findings on the importance of the product and the anticipated use are consistent across the stage and state-by ten of the twelve assessment was significant at P <.05, while product knowledge has little impact on perceived influence. These findings suggest that adolescent motivation and investment relative, rather than their ability (or perceived ability), appears to move them to higher positions of potential influence. This finding is consistent with findings from the 80's and 90's.
Findings of H2 showed that adolescents in both samples felt that they gave as much influence on the decision stage at different stages-initiation with the findings of the 80's and 90's. This finding provides some empirical support to the idea that teenagers are increasingly influential in contemporary families, as has been suggested in the literature and the popular press (cf. Belch et al., 2005). Also, we see a greater influence on both search and decision stage (look for = 2.39, 2.34, decision = 2.68, 2.61) relative to the initial findings of Beatty and Talpade (1994) for the combined search and decision scale (1.72). These findings are all the more significant, given the youth of our sample (our sample consists of 13-15 year-olds while they are 16-19 years old). Thus, it appears that young people in both countries may have more power in family purchase decisions, especially in the final stage, compared to previous years. Interestingly, the pattern of decline in the influence of search stage (consistent with previous research) and then increasing influence on the decision stage (consistent with previous studies) is consistent for both samples.
In summary, our findings generally support our predictions. Managerial implication is that teenagers seem to have more money and more "say" over family purchases from the previous issue in this country and in China. This has major implications for the company, considering it's a large and influential market.
2. Title: Influence of gender difference in the reference group on Smartphone users' purchasing decision-making processSummary:Smart phones become a popular item at the moment and some studies indicate may influence the recommendations in the buying decision process. This study analyzed the effect of different gender groups of smart phone users in making the purchase decision process and the various types of influence exerted. Methods used were questionnaires and data collected through the online survey, respondents targeted smart phone users between the ages of 25-34 years. Research suggests that men are more affected on the benefits or utilities on smart phones, while women are more to the value of such products.
3. Title: Reference group influence on consumer decision making process: a study in the Brazilian sports utilitarian vehicles segmentSummary:Analysis of interpersonal influence consumer decision-making process. The methodology used by the survey and the relationship between the owner of the SUV. Type of informational influence one of the most relevant in influencing decisions. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire consisting of 28 questions that measured using 5-point Likert scale.
4. Title: Bounded Rationality, social and cultural norms, and interdependence via reference groups
Summary:
We have attempted to characterize human behavior from three perspectives: bounded rationality, the presence of social norms and culture, and the establishment of norm-guided preferences. If decision makers are seriously limited in their rationality, they will be motivated to save savings by switching to a cheaper option if heuristic for complex problems. In a society that has a reference-group decision and success-oriented cultural values, individuals are motivated to climb the ladder of social status by utilizing low-cost heuristic lifestyle found in their reference group. We have consolidated the social motives into the reaction function of social groups that are relevant and vital principle is discussed in terms of economic costs, social pressure, psychological satisfaction, and benefits involved in the communication and avoid imitating social groups. Convoluting this function with information about the possible existence of a social norm to order objects by serviceabilities their choice overall for satisfaction of social wants. When this is combined with an ordering based on the priority of physical desire, a comprehensive sequence of objects appearing choices rationalize human behavior under bounded rationality.
5. Title: Conflict in Family Decision Making: an Exploratory InvestigationSummary:A survey of 270 families was to examine the perceptions of family conflict and resolution in decision-making in the family. Three specific issues such as the determination of the products and areas of conflict to achieve such products, the mode of conflict resolution by a majority of employees with respect to the product area, and the perception by agreeing to honor the conflict and resolution in fashion employees. The method used is to pass out as many as 300 on the West Coast.
6. Title: Relative deprivation, Reference Groups And The Assessment Of Standard Of Living
Summary:
The paper proposes two numbers shortages, relatively new comes from an extension of the general concept gini, initially by donaldson and weymark (1980), for the measurement of distributional change. The idea is to consider individual stock earnings estimate, obtained from the regression of income on the personal characteristics, as a priori the actual revenue sharing and, as a posteriori stock. Using this approach we defined the relative lack of population and income weighted numbers. Using panel data from a consortium of household panels for european socio-economic research (cher), we then examine these various ways to define the best fitted individuals lack the answers given by individuals at their level of satisfaction with income.
7. Title: Bounded Rationality, Social And Cultural Norms, And Interdependence Via Reference Groups
Summary:
We argue that the form of preferences in favor of social orientation and reproduction of social norms that reinforce each other through the formation of norm-guided preferences and bounded rationality are crucial for the formation of such endogenous preferences. This traditional individualism provide a micro foundation of human behavior which basically abstracts from the social and cultural elements of decision-making. We saw that people internalize social norms and cultural preferences into providing both a macro-and a micro foundations of human behavior in a social and cultural environment of structured decision-making. Autonomy in decision-making and the formation of preferences consistently maintained at a micro-level while the macro social phenomena and cultural norms are returned to the formation of preferences that can explain the existence and evolution of social norms.with internalization, individual decision makers behave in the middle ground between complete voluntaristic individualism on the one extreme and structural determinism on the other hand a reply Hodgson (1986) calls for a new theory of human behavior
8. Title: Children's influence on family decision makingSummary:Parents' perceptions of participation and influence their children (aged 5-13 years) in making purchasing decisions on 14 different product categories. Based on a survey found indications that the influence of children on the purchase decision process is very strong, especially related to their products such as cereals, juices, soft drinks, and cell phones. Older children can affect younger people but to gender have a significant influence on the perception of parents towards their children. Marketers should know the role of children in decision-making in the family.
9. Title: Mixing Family With Business: A Study Of Thai Business Groups And The Families Behind Them
Summary:
Most of the family-run firm in the world. Family, however, is not a monolithic entity but consists of different individual members can share and objectives in the family business. We take the first step to go beyond the case-study evidence to ask whether the constraints imposed by family structure affects corporate structure and performance of the family-run firm.
We show that the larger the family, especially the boys again founder has, the position in the family was held by family members and not members of the board of managers and outside. The number of children is important founders. The group is run by a large family (more particularly boys) tend to have a performance. This effect is less pronounced in groups where the founder is no longer active and ultimate control has passed to heirs
10. Title: Slips, trips and falls in different work groups with reference to age
Summary
This study reported STF accidents reveals that: (1) older workers reported more accidents than younger STF. This is particularly evident among women. (2) Lack of discipline in the workplace or safe climbing devices are often accidents STF explanation. (3) The factors that contributed to the accident behind STF differ between jobs. (4) prevention measures should be applied equally to both young and old, are used in the same job. (5) As older workers have again leaves hospital, preventive measures even more urgent in which the labor force consists of workers aged 45 years or older.
Summary
Our findings on the importance of the product and the anticipated use are consistent across the stage and state-by ten of the twelve assessment was significant at P <.05, while product knowledge has little impact on perceived influence. These findings suggest that adolescent motivation and investment relative, rather than their ability (or perceived ability), appears to move them to higher positions of potential influence. This finding is consistent with findings from the 80's and 90's.
Findings of H2 showed that adolescents in both samples felt that they gave as much influence on the decision stage at different stages-initiation with the findings of the 80's and 90's. This finding provides some empirical support to the idea that teenagers are increasingly influential in contemporary families, as has been suggested in the literature and the popular press (cf. Belch et al., 2005). Also, we see a greater influence on both search and decision stage (look for = 2.39, 2.34, decision = 2.68, 2.61) relative to the initial findings of Beatty and Talpade (1994) for the combined search and decision scale (1.72). These findings are all the more significant, given the youth of our sample (our sample consists of 13-15 year-olds while they are 16-19 years old). Thus, it appears that young people in both countries may have more power in family purchase decisions, especially in the final stage, compared to previous years. Interestingly, the pattern of decline in the influence of search stage (consistent with previous research) and then increasing influence on the decision stage (consistent with previous studies) is consistent for both samples.
In summary, our findings generally support our predictions. Managerial implication is that teenagers seem to have more money and more "say" over family purchases from the previous issue in this country and in China. This has major implications for the company, considering it's a large and influential market.
2. Title: Influence of gender difference in the reference group on Smartphone users' purchasing decision-making processSummary:Smart phones become a popular item at the moment and some studies indicate may influence the recommendations in the buying decision process. This study analyzed the effect of different gender groups of smart phone users in making the purchase decision process and the various types of influence exerted. Methods used were questionnaires and data collected through the online survey, respondents targeted smart phone users between the ages of 25-34 years. Research suggests that men are more affected on the benefits or utilities on smart phones, while women are more to the value of such products.
3. Title: Reference group influence on consumer decision making process: a study in the Brazilian sports utilitarian vehicles segmentSummary:Analysis of interpersonal influence consumer decision-making process. The methodology used by the survey and the relationship between the owner of the SUV. Type of informational influence one of the most relevant in influencing decisions. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire consisting of 28 questions that measured using 5-point Likert scale.
4. Title: Bounded Rationality, social and cultural norms, and interdependence via reference groups
Summary:
We have attempted to characterize human behavior from three perspectives: bounded rationality, the presence of social norms and culture, and the establishment of norm-guided preferences. If decision makers are seriously limited in their rationality, they will be motivated to save savings by switching to a cheaper option if heuristic for complex problems. In a society that has a reference-group decision and success-oriented cultural values, individuals are motivated to climb the ladder of social status by utilizing low-cost heuristic lifestyle found in their reference group. We have consolidated the social motives into the reaction function of social groups that are relevant and vital principle is discussed in terms of economic costs, social pressure, psychological satisfaction, and benefits involved in the communication and avoid imitating social groups. Convoluting this function with information about the possible existence of a social norm to order objects by serviceabilities their choice overall for satisfaction of social wants. When this is combined with an ordering based on the priority of physical desire, a comprehensive sequence of objects appearing choices rationalize human behavior under bounded rationality.
5. Title: Conflict in Family Decision Making: an Exploratory InvestigationSummary:A survey of 270 families was to examine the perceptions of family conflict and resolution in decision-making in the family. Three specific issues such as the determination of the products and areas of conflict to achieve such products, the mode of conflict resolution by a majority of employees with respect to the product area, and the perception by agreeing to honor the conflict and resolution in fashion employees. The method used is to pass out as many as 300 on the West Coast.
6. Title: Relative deprivation, Reference Groups And The Assessment Of Standard Of Living
Summary:
The paper proposes two numbers shortages, relatively new comes from an extension of the general concept gini, initially by donaldson and weymark (1980), for the measurement of distributional change. The idea is to consider individual stock earnings estimate, obtained from the regression of income on the personal characteristics, as a priori the actual revenue sharing and, as a posteriori stock. Using this approach we defined the relative lack of population and income weighted numbers. Using panel data from a consortium of household panels for european socio-economic research (cher), we then examine these various ways to define the best fitted individuals lack the answers given by individuals at their level of satisfaction with income.
7. Title: Bounded Rationality, Social And Cultural Norms, And Interdependence Via Reference Groups
Summary:
We argue that the form of preferences in favor of social orientation and reproduction of social norms that reinforce each other through the formation of norm-guided preferences and bounded rationality are crucial for the formation of such endogenous preferences. This traditional individualism provide a micro foundation of human behavior which basically abstracts from the social and cultural elements of decision-making. We saw that people internalize social norms and cultural preferences into providing both a macro-and a micro foundations of human behavior in a social and cultural environment of structured decision-making. Autonomy in decision-making and the formation of preferences consistently maintained at a micro-level while the macro social phenomena and cultural norms are returned to the formation of preferences that can explain the existence and evolution of social norms.with internalization, individual decision makers behave in the middle ground between complete voluntaristic individualism on the one extreme and structural determinism on the other hand a reply Hodgson (1986) calls for a new theory of human behavior
8. Title: Children's influence on family decision makingSummary:Parents' perceptions of participation and influence their children (aged 5-13 years) in making purchasing decisions on 14 different product categories. Based on a survey found indications that the influence of children on the purchase decision process is very strong, especially related to their products such as cereals, juices, soft drinks, and cell phones. Older children can affect younger people but to gender have a significant influence on the perception of parents towards their children. Marketers should know the role of children in decision-making in the family.
9. Title: Mixing Family With Business: A Study Of Thai Business Groups And The Families Behind Them
Summary:
Most of the family-run firm in the world. Family, however, is not a monolithic entity but consists of different individual members can share and objectives in the family business. We take the first step to go beyond the case-study evidence to ask whether the constraints imposed by family structure affects corporate structure and performance of the family-run firm.
We show that the larger the family, especially the boys again founder has, the position in the family was held by family members and not members of the board of managers and outside. The number of children is important founders. The group is run by a large family (more particularly boys) tend to have a performance. This effect is less pronounced in groups where the founder is no longer active and ultimate control has passed to heirs
10. Title: Slips, trips and falls in different work groups with reference to age
Summary
This study reported STF accidents reveals that: (1) older workers reported more accidents than younger STF. This is particularly evident among women. (2) Lack of discipline in the workplace or safe climbing devices are often accidents STF explanation. (3) The factors that contributed to the accident behind STF differ between jobs. (4) prevention measures should be applied equally to both young and old, are used in the same job. (5) As older workers have again leaves hospital, preventive measures even more urgent in which the labor force consists of workers aged 45 years or older.
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